Saturday, February 25, 2012

El marañón y los anacardos

Esto de pasear por el trópico tiene sus gratas sorpresas. Por ejemplo: el marañón. El marañón es un árbol que da marañones. Hasta ahí todo normal, hasta que te acercas a ver esos frutos. Lo cierto es que no son nada comunes. Bueno, nada es nada común por aquí en Los Llanos Occidentales colombianos, todo es exuberante, enorme y sorprendente, como los marañones (ver fotos adjuntas).
El marañón tiene un nombre científico que ya te da una pista: Anacardium occidentale. Es un árbol originario de Brasil, aunque su cultivo está extendido por toda la cuenca del Amazonas y del Orinoco (es en ésta última donde estoy ahora). Cuando se observa el fruto, uno cree que la parte anaranjada y rojiza es el fruto, pero no, se trata del pedúndulo o "pseudofruto", que se come (bueno, más bien se exprime en la boca un jugo medio dulzón, medio acre, que se te pega a los dientes y la lengua; al principio crees que te están tomando el pelo, pero de hecho se come y lo comen, hacen zumos envasados e incluso un aguardiente). Y al final de este tremendo pedúnculo está el verdadero fruto del marañón que tiene forma de nuez. Cuando lo vi me llamó la atención, me parecía algo conodido. No fue hasta que vi su nombre científico y me di cuenta de que se trataba de anacardos. ¡¡Los anacardos son originarios de aquí!!. Naturalmente hay que calentar estas nueces para extraerles un aceite irritante que llevan, el cardol. Pero luego se convierten en los famosos "frutos secos" que conocemos como anacardos y que se toman como aperitivo. Si alguna vez os habíais preguntado el porqué del alto precio de los anacardos, aquí está la respuesta, y es que un árbol de anacardos, aunque da dos cosechas al año, no produce tantos frutos, ocupa cierta superficie y sólo el 20% del peso de la "fruta" procesada corresponde a la nuez, así que ahí está la respuesta. Una hectárea pude rendir casi 1.000 kg de marañones (sólo que no estoy seguro si contando el pseudofruto o sólo la nuez). Por lo visto, fueron los portugueses los que introdujeron el marañón en la India y en Mozambique en el siglo XVI, pero no fue hasta el XIX cuando comenzó la producción en plantaciones por medio mundo. Así, los principales productores de marañón son Vietnam, Nigeria e India, aunque luego son Brasil e India quienes procesan el fruto y exportan los anacardos tal y como los conocemos.

Tuesday, April 06, 2010

Gamos (Dama dama) en la Sierra de Madrid

Dos jóvenes gamos (Dama dama) vistos en las inmediaciones de la localidad madrileña de Collado Mediano el pasado 9 de marzo.
En esta zona al Sur del núcleo urbano de Collado Mediano, entre dehesas de encina y fresno, todavía se pueden contemplar estampas salvajes como ésta, aunque la especie sea introducida. Posiblemente estos dos jóvenes gamos provenían del Monte de El Pardo o de la Granja de San Ildefonso, incluso puede que de Peguerinos (si hubieran podido atravesar la autopista AP-6), lugares estos donde se halla esta especie de cérvido. En cualquier caso, se encontraban a más de 15 km de su zona habitual de campeo.

Tuesday, August 12, 2008

FARNE ISLANDS

Puffin (Fratercula arctica). Photo: J. Álvarez
To us birders, the Farne Islands, off the coast of Northumberland, is "seabird city", "birding heaven", or "the Galapagos of the north" - which may give you some idea of the sheer spectacle of seabirds found here.
This little archipelago, about an hour's drive north of Newcastle, provides what for me is the most memorable birding experience in the whole of Britain.
Even though I've been here several times before, nothing quite prepares me for the sheer assault on my senses as soon as I step off the ferry on Inner Farne. Sight, hearing and smell are the first to be triggered, as Arctic terns line up along the path up from the quay like a row of taxis. As I walk up to the top I run the risk of a fourth sense - touch - coming into play, as the terns jealously guard their young by dipping down and attacking me. Once I'm past this initial attack, I have time to stand back and enjoy these elegant creatures - so close it's often hard to focus my binoculars without taking a step backwards.
They truly are quite beautiful: a dusky blue-grey above, shading paler below, with a neat black cap and blood-red, dagger-like bill. On the ground, their short red legs give them a comical appearance; but when they take to the air their graceful, buoyant flight brings to mind the name given by the ancient sailors: sea swallows.
It's now getting late in what has been a pretty good breeding season, and many tern chicks have left the bare scrape that passes for a nest and started to go walkabout. Some chicks have gone flyabout, too: taking to the air on "test flights" on their short, stubby wings in a clumsy parody of their parents.But soon they'll have to learn to fly for real. In a month or so, every one of these two thousand or so pairs of Arctic terns - and all their offspring - will leave the Farne Islands. Like many of our breeding seabirds, they head out to sea.
Arctic terns are the world's greatest avian voyager. This little chick in front of me will fly on and on, right down to the far reaches of the southern hemisphere, to spend the winter in the oceans off Australia or even Antarctica.
Just think about it - a bird barely larger than a pigeon, with a wingspan of 80cm and weighing a shade over 100g, will travel more than 30,000 km on its round trip. One bird caught here recently was ringed as a chick here in 1981, which means that so far it has clocked up at least 800,000 air miles.
Away from the terns are the cliff-nesting birds of Farne - guillemots, razorbills, puffins, shags and my favourite, the delicate little gull known from its characteristic call as the kittiwake.
Later, as I get ready to leave, a real bonus - amongst the Arctic, Sandwich and common terns on the beach are a couple of pairs of Britain's rarest breeding tern, the roseate. Roseate terns can be told apart from their commoner relatives by their jet black bills, paler plumage and longer tail. As I watch, one pair is engaged in a courtship ritual, pirouetting around each other like a couple of ballet dancers.
Their elegance and beauty reminds me of my favourite description of terns - "gulls that have died and gone to heaven". And as I leave these enchanted islands, and board the boat for the short journey back to the mainland, I feel that I have too (Stephen Moss, THE GUARDIAN).

Wednesday, August 22, 2007

Las siniestras gambas al ajillo

El consumo de gambas se incrementado en los últimos años en todo el mundo. Esto se ha conseguido aumentando la presión pesquera, por un lado, y recurriendo a la piscicultura, por otro. No obstante, ambos métodos tienen serias repercusiones sobre el medio ambiente. No hace falta incidir demasiado sobre los efectos perniciosos que tiene la sobrepesca de cualquier especie y las gambas no iban a ser una excepción, pero los métodos de cría de gambas en piscifactorias de países tropicales están suponiendo una seria amenaza a un ecosistema importantísimo como son los manglares.

Monday, January 01, 2007

To cut loose or to burn bridges behind you

Little Miss Plucky
Pluck your eyebrows for the crowd
Get on the airplane
You give me stomach pain
I wish that you were here
We would have had a lot to talk about

We had a deal there
We nearly signed it with our blood…
An understanding
I thought that you would keep your word
I'm disappointed
I'm aggravated
It's a fault I have, I know

I always loved you
You always had a lot of style
I'd hate to see you on the pile

"Dress up in you", Belle & Sebastian

Tuesday, October 24, 2006

The rain in London falls mainly in the plains

A rainy Sunday in Bricklane Sreet, East London.

Visiting the Bricklane Market seemed an excellent idea before it starting to rain, but we spent a pleasant afternoon despite the weather.

Monday, October 16, 2006

FROM LONDON

Near to the end of my fourth week here, my life in London goes by quietly (lies) between my English classes at 'Skola' and the pints of beer I have had in some pubs here in Camden Town. But one of the best leisure activities I have had in London was to spend my time in some of the beautiful parks around also the canal. For instance, Regent's Park or Primrose Hill are a wonderul place to walk or, in my case to run jogging every morning, and you can see the magnificent view of London with its skyline and its huge buildings from the top of Primrose Hill.
More will follow, I have not been of the London Eye yet, but Ms. Coyle (the considerate, kind and thougful Scot lady who has rent a room in her home for me) has promised me that we are going there soon.
In the photo, a view of St. James Park last Sunday afternoon.